Category: additive
⚠ Controversial ingredient
A synthetic source of vitamin K activity (vitamin K3). Used to supplement vitamin K in pet food formulations.
Menadione (vitamin K3) is a synthetic form of vitamin K that has been banned for use in human dietary supplements in many countries due to toxicity concerns, including potential liver damage, allergic reactions, and cytotoxicity. It can cause oxidative damage to cell membranes. Natural forms of vitamin K (K1 from plants, K2 from bacterial fermentation) are considered safer alternatives. Despite these concerns, it remains widely used in pet food as an inexpensive vitamin K source.